Really good questions to ask!!!!
FPV Future Present Value
PV Present Value
NPV Net Present Value
TVM Time Value of Money
You can look up TVM and discover how $100 is not equal to $100 in the future. I'm not the best at explaining it, I attempted the free version of this course about 3 times but never got around to finishing it. 14hrs of materials which equates to around possibly 28hrs of work (42hrs hours for me because I'm a slower learner and don't want to feel rushed, be engaged and join discussions with other students).
I don't advocate using coursera, it's just what worked for me. I was then able to follow other financial blog posts etc. after attempting this course for free. Compounding!!
$400/28 = $14/hr is what it's costing you over 4 weeks, cramming could be done but brains store stuff better when spread over time, spaced repetition. Absorb it, it's not like you are going to only need to know finance for a month and then never use it again in your entire life (as an investor).
One thing that upset me listening to a BP podcast was when they said IRR (Internal Rate of Return), NPV etc. and all those financial terms weren't worth learning about. That's why I think so many people have such a bad opinion of BP, once you get past the occasional hint on real estate investing, it's all just feel good-ary stuff about having the right mindset to take action (blah blah blah). Hearing that over and over again with out a strong focus on details like finance gets tiring quickly. BP is pretty much all hype with a thin layer of knowledge, which is terribly misleading for people getting started.